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GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
PARADIGM is a combination of a selective pyridine herbicide and an ALS inhibitor herbicide. It is a foliar herbicide for post-emergence use in wheat, barley, triticale and oats (oats grown for hay only). It will not reliably control weeds that emerge after treatment. Best results are achieved under good growing conditions. Treatment of crop or weeds that are stressed must be avoided.

RESISTANT WEEDS WARNING
PARADIGM contains members of the pyridine and triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide group of herbicides. The product has the disrupters of plant cell growth and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor modes-of-action. For weed resistance management, the product is a Group I + Group B herbicide. Some naturally-occurring weed biotypes resistant to PARADIGM and other Group I + B herbicides may exist through normal genetic variability in any weed population.
The resistant individuals can eventually dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly. These resistant weeds may not be controlled by PARADIGM or other Group I and Group B herbicides.
Since the occurrence of resistant weeds is difficult to detect prior to use, Dow AgroSciences Australia Limited accepts no liability for any losses that may result from the failure of this product to control resistant weeds.
Strategies to minimize the risk of herbicide resistance are available. Consult your farm chemical supplier, consultant or the CropLife website (www.croplifeaustralia.org.au)

WEED DENSITY
Control may be reduced where weed density is very high and limits spray coverage.

WEED GROWTH STAGE
Best results are usually achieved when applied to small weeds.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AT APPLICATION
Best results are usually achieved when herbicide application inmade under conditions which favour rapid plant growth. Weed control may be reduced when plants are stressed by a range of factors including, but not limited to: drought, water logging, prolonged or severe frosts, sustained high or low temperatures, poor nutrition (including deficiency and trace element toxicity),root diseases or previous herbicide application.
Final weed control may be reduced when the soil remains moist for an extended period following application, especially when row spacings are wide and/or crops are uncompetitive.

APPLICATION
Apply in 80–100L/ha water by ground boom and not less than 40 L/ha by aerial application.
APVMA compliance instructions for mandatory COARSE or larger droplet size categories:
Important information
These instructions inform those using this chemical product how to lawfully comply with the requirement of a COARSE or larger spray droplet size category for spray application.
Spray droplet size categories are defined in the ASAE S572 Standard (newer name may also be shown as ASABE) or the BCPC guideline. Nozzle manufacturers may refer to one or both of these documents, to identify droplet size categories; however, for a nozzle to comply with this requirement, the manufacturer must refer to at least one.
Complying with the label requirement to use a specific droplet size category means using the correct nozzle that will deliver that droplet size category under the spray operation conditions being used. The APVMA has approved only the following specific methods for choosing the correct nozzle. Use one of the methods specified in these instructions to select a correct nozzle to deliver a COARSE or larger droplet size category.
Instructions for Ground Application – for COARSE droplet size or larger categories:
Mandatory Instructions for Ground Applications.
USE ONLY nozzles that the nozzles’ manufacturer has rated to deliver a COARSE, a VERY COARSE or an EXTREMELY COARSE droplet size category, as referenced in ASAE S572 or BCPC. Choose a nozzle that is specified to provide the droplet size category required in the label.
SPRAY DRIFT RESTRAINTS.
DO NOT use a higher spray system pressure than the maximum the manufacturer specifies for the selected nozzle to deliver the droplet size category required in the label Spray Drift Restraint.
Instructions for Fixed-wing Aerial Application – for COARSE droplet size or larger categories:
Instructions in this section apply to fixed-wing aerial application of products for which the label SPRAY DRIFT RESTRAINT requires a COARSE or a VERY COARSE spray droplet category.
Nozzle choices must be made using Option 1, 2 or 3 below.
Option 1 nozzles are limited to a maximum aircraft speed of 110 knots and are for COARSE droplets only. Option 2 nozzles are limited to a maximum aircraft speed of 120 knots and are also for COARSE droplets only. Option 3 nozzles have their use conditions (maximum airspeed, nozzle spray angle, product used, orifice size and spray system pressure) specified in the APVMA Approved Aerial Agricultural Association of Australia (AAAA) Nozzle Calculator (described in Option 3). Depending on those use conditions, the calculator can identify a correct nozzle for either a COARSE or a VERY COARSE spray droplet category.
(To use Option 3, aerial applicators must contact the AAAA for access to their approved nozzle calculator.)
Mandatory Instructions for Fixed-wing Aerial Applications Option 1
For up to a maximum aircraft speed of 110 knots and a COARSE droplet size category, USE ONLY solid stream 0º nozzles with orifice diameter greater than or equal to 1.5 mm and oriented straight back to the flight direction. USE ONLY a spray system pressure greater than or equal to 3 bar.
Mandatory Instructions for Fixed-wing Aerial Applications (continued) Option 2
For up to a maximum aircraft speed of 120 knots and a COARSE droplet size category, USE ONLY narrow angle flat fan nozzles with spray angle less than or equal to 40˚ and oriented straight back to the flight direction. USE ONLY a spray system pressure greater than or equal to 4 bar.
Mandatory Instructions for Fixed-wing Aerial Applications (continued) Option 3
USE ONLY nozzles rated by the APVMA Approved AAAA Nozzle Calculator as COARSE or VERY COARSE to comply with a product label’s requirement for a COARSE or a VERY COARSE spray droplet size category. Use the AAAA Nozzle Calculator, and follow the additional instructions below in a), b) and c). a) To identify a nozzle to comply with the required spray droplet category, aerial applicators must use only the droplet size category given in the nozzle calculator at the DV(0.1) position. The categories shown at the DV(0.5) and the DV(0.9) positions in the calculator must not be used for making a nozzle selection.
b) Aerial applicators must not apply the product at airspeeds greater than the speed used to select the nozzle. If an
application airspeed that is slower than 100 knots (the minimum speed specified in the nozzle calculator) is planned, a nozzle identified as COARSE or VERY COARSE at 100 knots can also be used at these slower airspeeds, provided that the nozzle angle and system pressure are kept the same.
c) When a particular pesticide product is chosen within the nozzle calculator as one of the conditions set to select a nozzle, then aerial applicators must use that specific pesticide product with that nozzle. When a pesticide product is planned for use and is not available as a choice within the nozzle calculator, aerial applicators must use the category ‘Other product’ in the calculator to set the condition for selecting a nozzle.
Instructions for Helicopter Aerial Application – for COARSE droplet size or larger categories
Instructions in this section apply to helicopter application of products where the label SPRAY DRIFT RESTRAINT requires a COARSE, a VERY COARSE or an EXTREMELY COARSE spray droplet category.
Nozzle choices must be made using Option 1, 2 or 3 below.
Mandatory Instructions for Helicopter Aerial Applications Option 1
For helicopter applications requiring a COARSE or a VERY COARSE spray droplet size category, USE ONLY nozzles selected with the methods previously specified for fixed‑wing aircraft in Section 2.
Mandatory Instructions for Helicopter Aerial Applications (continued) Option 2
When using Micronair™ controlled droplet applicators (Micron Sprayers Ltd), USE ONLY nozzles selected with the Micronair Droplet Size Prediction Models designed for Micronair products (and located on the company website) to choose a nozzle to satisfy the label requirement for a COARSE droplet size category. Important: to qualify for the COARSE category, the DV(0.1) value must be greater than 156 microns. Adjust parameters as necessary (eg lower the atomizer rotation rate) in order to achieve a DV(0.1) value greater than 156 microns.
Mandatory Instructions for Helicopter Aerial Applications (continued) Option 3
When using Accu-Flo™ nozzles (Bishop Equipment Mfg Inc), USE ONLY nozzles rated according to the manufacturer’s instructions to select the correct nozzle to apply a COARSE, a ERY COARSE or an EXTREMELY COARSE droplet size category to satisfy the label requirement for one of those specific droplet size categories.

MIXING
Measure the required quantity of granules by weighing on scales or using measuring device.
PARADIGM granules are highly soluble in water and will dissolve rapidly once added to fast moving water. Maintain agitation at all times, including during mixing as well as spraying.
Spray rigs with pre-mix hoppers
For spray rigs that have a drop down chemical induction hopper, three-quarter fill this hopper with water and have the rinsing sprinkler operating. Add PARADIGM and when dissolved, transfer this batch into the quarter filled main tank. Continue to rinse the hopper until the entire product has washed through.
Spray rigs with limited bypass agitation
For spray rigs that have limited bypass agitation, pre-dissolve PARADIGM in a bucket before adding to the main tank. Add Paradigm Herbicide while stirring until the granules have dissolved.
Tank-mixes: The following order should be followed (wait until each formulation is mixed before adding the next one):
1. Quarter fill the spray tank while maintaining agitation.
2. Add PARADIGM granules, using the mixing procedure above.
3. Add LVE 600 MCPA (if required).
4. Add wettable powders, water dispersible granules or suspension concentrates.
5. Add other emulsified concentrates
6. Fill the spray tank to half full. Then add non-ionic surfactants or Uptake Spraying Oil.

COMPATIBILITY
Herbicides: PARADIGM is compatible with Dow AgroSciences LVE 600 MCPA, Lontrel™ 750 SG, Lontrel™ Advanced, Hotshot™ and metsulfuron methyl.
Adjuvants: Uptake™ Spraying Oil used at 500 mL/100 L is the preferred adjuvant for use with PARADIGM and is likely to result in the best performance in most situations. BS-1000, or Chemwet 1000 at 200 mL/100 L may also be used. When tank mixing with products other than Dow AgroSciences LVE 600 MCPA, consult those labels for appropriate adjuvants. In most cases, Uptake Spraying Oil, or Chemwet 1000, or BS-1000 will be suitable. When tank mixing with metsulfuron, only use Chemwet 1000 or BS-1000 at 200 mL/100 L. Not all adjuvants are of equal quality. Consult Dow AgroSciences before selecting any other alternatives.