Citrus aphid

Toxoptera citricida

Overview:

Toxoptera citricida, the Brown Citrus Aphid, is a small, soft-bodied insect belonging to the Aphididae family. As a specialized pest of citrus trees, it feeds on plant sap, causing damage to the host plants. Apart from citrus, it can also infest other plants in the Rutaceae family.

Detailed Appearance:

The Brown Citrus Aphid is typically brown to dark brown in color, with a soft, pear-shaped body. It has long, slender antennae and cornicles (tubular structures on the abdomen). The nymphs resemble the adults but may be smaller.

Life Cycle:

The life cycle of Toxoptera citricida includes the egg, nymph, and adult stages. Aphids reproduce both sexually and asexually, with females giving birth to live nymphs without mating. The rapid reproductive rate allows for the buildup of large populations.

Identifying Infested Plants:

  1. Leaf Curling: Aphid feeding can cause young leaves to curl, distort, or become puckered.

  2. Sooty Mold: The honeydew excreted by aphids can lead to the growth of sooty mold on leaves and fruits.

  3. Yellowing of Leaves: Aphid feeding may cause yellowing or wilting of leaves, affecting the overall health of the tree.

  4. Ant Attendance: Ants are often attracted to aphids because of the honeydew they produce. Ants may be seen actively "farming" aphids.

Additional Identification Features:

  1. Cornicles: The presence of cornicles, small tubes on the hind end of the aphid, is a characteristic feature.

  2. Winged Forms: In response to changes in environmental conditions or overcrowding, winged aphids may be produced, allowing for dispersal to new plant locations.

Management:

  1. Natural Enemies: Encourage natural predators such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps that feed on aphids.

  2. Beneficial Insects: Release or augment populations of beneficial insects that prey on aphids, such as Aphidius wasps.

  3. Insecticidal Soap: Use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control aphid populations. Ensure thorough coverage of infested plant parts.

  4. Horticultural Oils: Apply horticultural oils during the dormant season to control overwintering aphid eggs. Follow recommended rates and timing.

  5. Ant Control: Manage ant populations, as ants may protect aphids from natural enemies. Ant baits and barriers can be effective.

  6. Cultural Practices: Prune and dispose of heavily infested plant parts. Monitor and remove aphid colonies during the early stages of infestation.

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