Eye spot, common spot

Mycosphaerella fragariae, now known as Pseudopezicula fragariae, is a fungal pathogen responsible for causing angular leaf spot disease in strawberry plants (Fragaria spp.). This disease can lead to significant economic losses in strawberry cultivation if not properly managed. Here's an informative description of Pseudopezicula fragariae, covering its appearance, identification, and management:

1. Symptoms:

• Angular Lesions: Initial symptoms include the appearance of small, angular lesions on the upper surface of strawberry leaves.
• Lesion Color: Lesions are typically brown or reddish-brown and may have a water-soaked appearance.
• Leaf Deformation: Severe infections can lead to the distortion and curling of leaves, affecting the overall vigor of the plant.

2. Disease Cycle:

• Infection: The fungus initiates infection through spores (conidia), which are produced on infected plant tissues.
• Spore Dispersal: Conidia are dispersed by wind or water, leading to the infection of nearby strawberry plants.
• Favorable Conditions: Humid and cool conditions favor the development of angular leaf spot.
• Survival: The pathogen can survive between growing seasons in infected plant debris.

3. Identification:

• Angular Lesions: Identification often begins with the observation of small, angular lesions on the upper leaf surface.
• Brown or Reddish-Brown Color: The color of the lesions is a key identifier.
• Leaf Deformation: Distorted and curled leaves may also be observed in advanced stages of the disease.

4. Management:

• Resistant Varieties: Planting strawberry varieties that are resistant or less susceptible to angular leaf spot can be an effective strategy.
• Fungicide Applications: Fungicides, especially those effective against Pseudopezicula fragariae, can be applied preventively or curatively. Application timing is crucial, and a rotation of different fungicide classes is recommended to reduce the risk of resistance development.
• Cultural Practices: Practices such as proper spacing, adequate ventilation, and avoiding excessive irrigation can help create less favorable conditions for disease development.
• Sanitation: Removal and destruction of infected plant debris contribute to reducing the source of inoculum.

5. Importance:

• Economic Impact: Angular leaf spot caused by Pseudopezicula fragariae can lead to significant yield losses and reduce the quality of strawberry crops.
• Global Distribution: The pathogen is present in regions where strawberries are cultivated.