Leaf mould

Causal Agent:

• Fungal Pathogen: Fulvia fulva, also known as Cladosporium fulvum, is a fungal pathogen that causes tomato leaf mold.

2. Symptoms:

• Leaf Lesions: Initial symptoms include the development of yellow-green lesions on the upper surface of tomato leaves.
• Velvety Appearance: Lesions may become velvety with a fuzzy texture as the fungus produces spores.
• Leaf Yellowing: Infected leaves often exhibit yellowing around the lesions, leading to a general decline in plant health.

3. Disease Cycle:

• Survival: The pathogen can survive on infected plant debris and in soil.
• Infection: Infection occurs through spores (conidia) produced on infected tissues or through windborne spores from nearby infected plants.
• Spread: Spores are easily spread by wind, rain, or physical contact, initiating new infections.
• Favorable Conditions: Warm and humid conditions promote disease development.

4. Host Range:

• Tomatoes: Fulvia fulva specifically affects tomato plants, causing leaf mold.

5. Identification:

• Lesion Characteristics: Identification involves recognizing the yellow-green lesions on the upper surface of tomato leaves.
• Velvety Texture: The velvety or fuzzy appearance of lesions is a characteristic feature.
• Microscopic Features: Microscopic examination may reveal the presence of conidia and other fungal structures.

6. Management:

• Resistant Varieties: Planting tomato varieties with resistance to Fulvia fulva is an effective strategy.
• Fungicide Applications: Fungicides, especially those effective against leaf mold, can be applied preventively or curatively.
• Proper Spacing: Adequate spacing between tomato plants improves air circulation, reducing humidity and the risk of disease.
• Sanitation: Removal and destruction of infected plant material help reduce the source of inoculum.

7. Importance:

• Economic Impact: Leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva can result in reduced yields and affect the quality of tomato crops.
• Global Distribution: The pathogen is found in regions where tomatoes are cultivated, especially in warm and humid climates.