White blister rust

Albugo candida:

Albugo candida, commonly known as white rust, is a parasitic oomycete that infects various plants, causing disease in the form of white blister-like structures on the leaves and other parts of the host plants. Here's an informative description:

Symptoms:

1. White Pustules: White, blister-like pustules or patches develop on the upper surface of infected leaves.
2. Swelling: Infected areas may exhibit swelling or distortion due to the development of the characteristic pustules.
3. Yellowing: Surrounding plant tissue may turn yellow, leading to chlorosis.
4. Reduced Photosynthesis: Severe infections can affect photosynthesis, leading to stunted growth and reduced yield.

Identification:

1. White Pustules: Identify the distinctive white blister-like pustules on the leaves or other infected plant parts.
2. Location: The pustules are typically found on the upper surface of the leaves.

Disease Cycle:

1. Survival: The pathogen can survive as oospores in infected plant debris.
2. Spore Production: Sporangia and zoospores are produced in the white pustules during the growing season.
3. Spread: Wind and water splash can disperse spores to new plants, initiating new infections.

Management:

Cultural Practices:

1. Crop Rotation: Rotate crops to reduce the buildup of the pathogen in the soil.
2. Resistant Varieties: Planting resistant varieties, when available, can help manage white rust.

Fungicide Application:

1. Foliar Fungicides: Application of fungicides, especially during periods conducive to disease development, can help manage white rust.

Regular Monitoring:

1. Field Scouting: Regularly monitor fields for early symptoms of white rust, especially during periods of high humidity.

Post-Harvest Practices:

1. Residue Management: Remove and destroy infected plant residues after harvest to reduce overwintering sites for the pathogen.