Ethephon 2#Plant Protection Product ComparisonPlant Protection Product ComparisonReport inaccuraciesReport inaccuracies

For use on Apples, Blackberries, Cantaloupes, Cherries, Grapes, Peppers, Pineapple, Sugarcane (Hawaii only), Tobacco, Tomatoes, Walnuts and Turf. Also, for the removal of Dwarf Mistletoe in Ornamental Conifers and Leafy Mistletoe in Ornamental Deciduous Trees and for the elimination of undesirable fruit on Ornamental Apple, Carob, Crabapple, and Olive trees, and for minimizing lodging in Barley and Wheat. [For Use on Cotton as a Harvest Aid] [Cotton Harvest Aid]

SPRAY DRIFT
AVOIDING SPRAY DRIFT AT THE APPLICATION SITE IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE APPLICATOR.
The interaction of many equipment-and-weather-related factors determine the potential for spray drift. The applicator is responsible for considering all these factors when making decisions.
The following drift management requirements must be followed to avoid off-target movement from aerial applications to agricultural field crops. These requirements do not apply to forestry applications, public health uses or to applications using dry formulations.
1. The distance of the outer most nozzles on the boom must not exceed 3/4 of the length of the fixed wingspan or rotor diameter.
2. Nozzles must always pOint backward parallel with the air stream and never be pointed downwards more than 45 degrees.
Where states have more stringent regulations, they must be observed. The applicator should be familiar with and take into account the information covered in the Aerial Drift Reduction Advisory below:

AERIAL DRIFT REDUCTION ADVISORY
INFORMATION ON DROPLET SIZE
The most effective way to reduce drift potential is to apply large droplets. The best drift management strategy is to apply the largest droplets that provide sufficient coverage and control. Applying larger droplets reduces drift potential, but will not prevent drift if applications are made improperly, or under unfavorable environmental conditions (See Wind, Temperature and Humidity, and Temperature Inversions).

CONTROLLING DROPLET SIZE
Volume - Use high flow rate nozzles to apply the highest practical spray volume. Nozzles with higher rated flows produce larger droplets.
Pressure - Do not exceed the nozzle manufacturer's recommended pressures. For many nozzle types lower pressure produces larger droplets. When higher flow rates are needed, use higher flow rate nozzles instead of increasing pressure. Number of nozzles - Use the minimum number of nozzles that provide uniform coverage. Nozzle Orientation - Orienting nozzles so that the spray is released parallel to the airstream produces larger droplets than other orientations and is the recommended practice. Significant deflection from horizontal will reduce droplet size and increase drift potential. Nozzle Type - Use a nozzle type that is designed for the intended application. With most nozzle types, narrower spray angles produce larger droplets. Consider using low-drift nozzles. Solid stream nozzles oriented straight back produce the largest droplets and the lowest drift.

BOOM LENGTH
For some use patterns, reducing the effective boom length to less than 3/4 of the length of the fixed wingspan or rotor diameter may further reduce drift without reducing swath width.

APPLICATION HEIGHT
Applications should not be made at a height greater than 10 feet above the top of the target plants unless a greater height is required for aircraft safety. Making applications at the lowest height that is safe reduces exposure of droplets to evaporation and wind.

SWATH ADJUSTMENT
When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath will be displaced downwind. Therefore, on the up and downwind edges of the field, the applicator should compensate for this displacement by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. Swath adjustment distance should increase, with increasing drift potential (higher wind, smaller drops, etc.).

WIND
Drift potential is lowest between wind speeds of 2 - 10 mph. However, many factors, including droplet size and equipment type determine drift potential at any given speed. Application must be avoided below 2 mph due to variable wind direction and high inversion potential. NOTE: Local terrain can influence wind patterns. Every applicator should be familiar with local wind patterns and how they affect spray drift.

TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY
When making applications in low relative humidity, set up equipment to produce larger droplets to compensate for evaporation. Droplet evaporation is most severe when conditions are both hot and dry.

TEMPERATURE INVERSIONS
Applications should not occur during a temperature inversion because drift potential is high. Temperature inversions restrict vertical air mixing, which causes small suspended droplets to remain in a concentrated cloud. This cloud can move in unpredictable directions due to the light variable winds common during inversions. Temperature inversions are characterized by increaSing temperatures with altitude and are common on nights with limited cloud cover and light to no wind. They begin to form as the sun sets and often continue into the morning. Their presence can be indicated by ground fog; however, if fog is not present, inversions can also be identified by the movement of smoke from a ground source or an aircraft smoke generator. Smoke that layers and moves laterally in a concentrated cloud (under low wind conditions) indicates an inversion, while smoke that moves upward and rapidly diSSipates indicates good vertical air mixing.

SENSITIVE AREAS
The pesticide should only be applied when the potential for drift to adjacent sensitive areas (e.g. residential areas, bodies of water, known habitat for threatened or endangered species, non-target crops) is minimal (e.g. when wind is blowing away from the sensitive areas).

GENERAL INFORMATION
Contact your Extension Pomologist, Farm Advisor, Horticultural Specialist or Arysta LifeScience Representative for local recommendations on product spray volume, spray equipment and rates of application for varying weather conditions.

APPLICATION VOLUMES AND SPRAY COVERAGE
For optimum product efficacy, thorough spray coverage is necessary. This can be influenced by type of spray equipment, spray boom setup, nozzle selection, plant size, canopy density and spray pressure. Depending on these choices, the necessary spray volume will vary. For applications by air in California and Arizona, more than 5 gallons per acre must be used.

USE PRECAUTIONS
THE MIXTURE OF THIS PRODUCT WITH AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE IS PROHIBITED AS IT MAY CREATE TOXIC FUMES. Other than recommended on this label, this product should not be used with additives. Upon mixture, this product should be applied as soon as possible; in no case should the spray solution be stored overnight. Detrimental changes to plant growth, reduced yields, and plant injury may result from spray drift of this product to nearby crops and thus should be avoided. Do not plant another crop within 30 days after treatment. This product is corrosive. Therefore, spills of concentrated product on the aircraft or other spray equipment should be avoided. Should such contact be made, immediately rinse with water.

EQUIPMENT CLEANING
This product is corrosive. As a result. spray deposit exposure will, over a period of time, damage metal, some paints and acrylic plastics. No more than one hour after exposure to spray deposits, these materials should be carefully rinsed with water and detergent.