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Melilotus indicus, commonly known as Indian sweet clover or yellow sweet clover, is an annual or biennial leguminous plant belonging to the Fabaceae family. It is native to Asia but has become widespread and naturalized in many parts of the world. Here's a detailed description:

Morphology:

1. Plant Structure: Indian sweet clover is an erect, branched plant that can reach heights of 30 to 120 centimeters.

2. Leaves: The leaves are compound, consisting of three oval leaflets with serrated edges. They are arranged alternately along the stems.

3. Flowers: The flowers are small and yellow, forming dense spikes at the ends of branches. The characteristic yellow color gives the plant its common name.

4. Fruits: The plant produces small, pod-like fruits that contain seeds.

Habitat and Distribution:

Indian sweet clover is commonly found in disturbed areas, roadsides, fields, and waste places. It is adaptable to a variety of soil types and climates. Due to its nitrogen-fixing abilities, it can colonize nitrogen-deficient soils.

Agricultural Uses:

1. Forage: Indian sweet clover is often used as a forage crop for livestock. It has moderate forage quality and is palatable to animals.

2. Green Manure: Like other leguminous plants, Indian sweet clover has the ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen through a symbiotic relationship with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. This makes it valuable as a green manure cover crop, enhancing soil fertility.

Caution:

While Indian sweet clover has agricultural benefits, it's important to note that some species of sweet clover, including Melilotus indicus, can produce coumarin, a compound that can lead to the formation of dicoumarol. Dicoumarol has anticoagulant properties and can cause bleeding disorders in livestock if consumed in large quantities. Proper management and caution are necessary to prevent issues related to coumarin toxicity.