Brown rot

Monilinia

Monilinia fungi are pathogens to Rosaceae and ericaceae and often cause major losses to crops. The genus is sometimes divided into two sections based on whether they possess disjunctors - these are small structures in mature fungi that help with spore dispersal.
There are about thirty known species in this genus. Most studies of the fungi focuses on their pathogenic effects toward apples, pears and other fruits. The disease it causes is known as brown rot. Brown rot is one of the most destructive diseases of stone fruits, such as peach, nectarine, apricot, cherry and plum. When environmental conditions favor this disease, crop loss can be devastating. Three species of Monilinia and the recently described anamorph, Monilia polystroma, formerly lumped into M. fructigena, cause brown rot in temperate regions on members of the Rosaceae. Monilinia fructicola colonizes blossoms, twigs and fruit, primarily on Prunus spp., but also on pome fruit or other Rosaceae. Monilinia laxa can colonize blossoms, twigs and fruit, but is generally considered more of a problem on blossoms and twigs. M. fructigena is primarily a problem on fruit of apple, pear and other pome fruits. Monilia polystroma is reported to cause rot on both pome and stone fruits.

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