Dithane F-45 RainshieldPlant Protection Product ComparisonPlant Protection Product ComparisonReport inaccuraciesReport inaccuracies

Use Rate Determination
Carefully read, understand, and follow label use rates and restrictions. Under low disease conditions, minimum label rates per application can be used while maximum label rates and the minimum interval may be used for severe or threatening disease conditions. 
Agricultural Applications 
For proper application, determine the number of acres to be treated, the required label use rate and the volume to be applied per acre. Prepare only the amount of spray solution required to treat the measured acreage. Careful calibration of spray equipment is recommended prior to use. 
Turf Applications 
For proper application to turf, determine the square footage to be treated, divide the footage by 1000, and multiply by the required fungicide use rate per 1000 sq ft, and then determine the amount of water required to provide adequate coverage. Careful calibration of spray equipment is recommended prior to use. Prepare only the amount of spray solution to treat the desired area

Mixing 
Mixing Procedures for Agricultural Applications 
Slowly place into spray tank as it is being filled or thoroughly premix in a nurse tank for concentrate or aircraft sprayers. Add other co-applied fungicides, insecticides, growth regulators, micronutrients, and spray adjuvants after Dithane F-45 Rainshield has been placed into suspension. When preparing spray solutions for use in a hand sprayer, premix as a slurry in a small container, and then add to sprayer containing 1/3 to 1/2 the desired final water volume.

Mixing Procedures for Turf Applications 
Be sure the sprayer is clean and not contaminated with other materials prior to use. When using an agitated spray tank fill tank 1/2 to 3/4 full with clean water and start agitation. Be certain that the agitation system is working properly and creates a rolling rippling on the liquid surface. With the agitator running add the required amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield to the tank. Continue filling tank with the remainder of the water. When using a hand sprayer, premix Dithane F-45 Rainshield as a slurry in a small container before adding to the spray tank. Slowly pour the appropriate amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield into a small container containing an equal volume of water while mixing. Mix until the Dithane F-45 Rainshield is thoroughly wetted. Add additional water if necessary to make solution flowable. Add the contents of the slurry tank to a 1/2 filled sprayer, continue filling tank with remainder of water and mix well. Always add Dithane F-45 Rainshield into solution prior to adding any additional materials to the tank.

Compatibility 
Dithane F-45 Rainshield is compatible with most commonly used agricultural fungicides, insecticides and growth regulators. When preparing tank mixes, user should consult spray compatibility charts or State Cooperative Extension Service Specialists prior to actual use.

Spray Adjuvants 
The addition of an agriculturally registered surfactant to sprays of Dithane F-45 Rainshield will improve initial spray deposits, fungicide redistribution and weatherability. Add Dithane F-45 Rainshield to the spray mixture prior to adding an adjuvant. Follow applicable use directions, precautions and limitations on the label of the adjuvant product

Spray Drift Management 
A variety of factors including weather conditions (e.g., wind direction, wind speed, temperature, relative humidity) and method of application (e.g., ground, aerial, airblast, chemigation) can influence pesticide drift. The applicator must evaluate all factors and make appropriate adjustments when applying this product.

Wind Speed
Do not apply at wind speeds greater than 15 mph.

Temperature Inversions
If applying at wind speeds less than 3 mph, the applicator must determine if a) conditions of temperature inversion exist, or b) stable atmospheric conditions exist at or below nozzle height. Do not make applications into areas of temperature inversions or stable atmospheric conditions.

Other State and Local Requirements 
Applicators must follow all state and local pesticide drift requirements regarding application of mancozeb. Where states have more stringent regulations, they must be observed.

Equipment 
All aerial and ground application equipment must be properly maintained and calibrated using appropriate carriers or surrogates.
Additional requirements for aerial applications: 
1. The boom length must not exceed 75% of the wingspan or 90% of the rotor blade diameter. 
2. Release spray at the lowest height consistent with efficacy and flight safety. Do not release spray at a height greater than 10 feet above the crop canopy unless a greater height is required for aircraft safety. 
3. When applications are made with a crosswind, the swath must be displaced downwind. The applicator must compensate for this displacement at the up and downwind edge of the application area by adjusting the path of the aircraft upwind. 
Additional requirements for ground boom application: 
1. Do not apply with a nozzle height greater than 4 feet above the crop canopy.

Application 
Thorough coverage foliar sprays generally result in optimum disease control. To achieve complete and uniform coverage use proper spray pressure, gallonage per acre, nozzles (generally hollow cone), disc (generally D-5 to D-7), nozzle spacing, and tractor speed. Consult spray nozzle and accessory catalogues for specific information on proper equipment calibration.

Hand Sprayers: Thoroughly spray plant foliage to point of runoff.

Aerial 
A uniform initial spray deposit over the crop canopy generally results in optimum disease control. Each aircraft should be prechecked for droplet size, uniformity of spray pattern, swath width, and spray volume. During aerial application, human flaggers are prohibited. Do not apply by air to sod farms or golf courses

Nozzle Selection: Hollow cone brass nozzles with a D-series orifice disc and core (whirlplate) are recommended. Nozzles should point straight down or slightly backward.

Swath Width: For most field and vegetable crops, swaths just beyond the wingspan of 36 to 40 feet for light aircraft and up to 45 feet for heavier aircraft are suggested. Optimum swath for helicopters is usually 5 to 10 feet beyond normal boom length.

Spray Volume: Aerial applications are to be made in a minimum of two (2) gallons of water per acre. On vegetable and field crops, 2 to 3 gallons of spray per acre are generally optimum; orchards and vineyards can be handled with spray volumes of 5 gallons per acre. Some tall or dense foliage crops, requiring greater penetration to the lower leaf surface will require higher spray volumes. In California, do not use less than 5 gallons of spray volume per acre.

Altitude: For most crops, the spray boom should be positioned in 5 to 10 feet above the crop canopy.

Flagging: Mark swaths with permanent flags at the end of the field. Measure swaths accurately with a chain or other device except when rows can be accurately counted.

Chemigation Use Directions 
Do not apply by chemigation application to golf courses. 
Sprinkler Irrigation
Dithane F-45 Rainshield must be applied on a regular protectant fungicide schedule, not an irrigation schedule. If irrigation cycles are less frequent than specified Dithane F-45 Rainshield application intervals, ground or aerial applications must supplement chemigation applications to achieve adequate disease control.
- Apply Dithane F-45 Rainshield only through sprinkler irrigation systems including center-pivot, lateral move, end tow, side (wheel) roll, traveler, solid set, or hand move irrigations systems. Do not apply product through any other type of irrigation system. 
- Lack of fungicidal effectiveness or illegal pesticide residues in the crop can result from non-uniform distribution of treated water. 
- If you have questions about calibration, you should contact State Extension Service specialist, equipment manufacturers or other experts. 
- Do not connect an irrigation system (including greenhouse systems) used for pesticide application to a public water system unless the pesticide label-prescribed safety devices for public water system are in place.
- A person knowledgeable of the chemigation system and responsible for its operation, or under the supervision of the responsible person, shall shut the system down and make necessary adjustments should the need arise.

Before applying Dithane F-45 Rainshield through sprinkler irrigation equipment, the chemigation system must meet the following specifications:
- Public water system means a system for the provision to the public of piped water for human consumption if such system has at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least 25 individuals daily at least 60 days out of the year. 
- Chemigation systems connected to public water systems must contain a functional reduced-pressure zone (RPZ), backflow preventer or the functional equivalent in the water supply line upstream from the point of pesticide introduction. As an option to the RPZ, the water from the public water system should be discharged into a reservoir tank prior to pesticide introduction. There shall be a complete physical break (air gap) between the outlet end of the fill pipe and the top or overflow rim of the reservoir tank of at least twice the inside diameter of the fill pipe. 
- Systems not connected to a public water supply must contain a functional check valve, vacuum relief valve, and low-pressure drain appropriately located in the irrigation pipeline to prevent water source contamination from back flow. 
- The pesticide injection pipeline must contain a functional, automatic, quick-closing check valve to prevent the flow of fluid back toward the injection pump. 
- The pesticide injection pipeline must also contain a functional, normally closed solenoid-operated valve located on the intake side of the injection pump and connected to the system interlock to prevent fluid from being withdrawn from the supply tank when the irrigation system is either automatically or manually shut down. 
- The system must contain functional interlocking controls to automatically shut off the pesticide injection pump when the water pump motor stops, or in cases where there is no water pump, when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide distribution is adversely affected.
- The irrigation line or water pump must include a functional pressure switch that will stop the water pump motor when the water pressure decreases to the point where pesticide distribution is adversely affected. 
- Systems must use a metering pump, such as a positive displacement injection pump (e.g. diaphragm pump) effectively designed and constructed of materials that are compatible with pesticides and capable of being fitted with a system interlock.
- Do not apply when wind speed favors drift beyond the area intended for treatment.

Center-Pivot, Lateral Move, End Tow, and Traveler Irrigation Equipment:(use only with electric or oil hydraulic drive systems, which provide a uniform water distribution) 
- Determine size of area to be treated. 
- Determine the time required to apply no more than 1/4 inch water (6,750 gallons water per acre) over the area to be treated when the system and injection equipment are operated at normal pressures recommended by the equipment manufacturer. Run system at 80 to 95% of manufacturer's rated capacity. 
- Using only water, determine the injection pump output when operated at normal line pressure.
- Determine the amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield required for the treatment area. 
- Add the required amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield and sufficient water to meet the injection time requirements of the solution tank. 4 Specimen Label Revised 01-28-15 
- Maintain constant solution tank agitation during the injection period.
- Stop injection equipment after treatment is completed. Continue to operate the system until Dithane F-45 Rainshield solution has cleared the sprinkler head. Solid-Set, Side (Wheel) Roll, and Hand Move Irrigation Equipment: 
- Determine acreage covered by sprinkler. 
- Fill injector solution tank with water and adjust flow rate to use contents over a 10 to 30 minute interval.
- Determine the amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield required for the treatment area. 
- Add the required amount of Dithane F-45 Rainshield into the same quantity of water used to calibrate the injection equipment.
- Maintain constant solution tank agitation during the injection period.
- Operate system at normal pressures recommended by the manufacturer of the injection equipment and used for the time interval established during calibration. 
- Inject Dithane F-45 Rainshield at the end of the irrigation cycle or as a separate application to maximize foliar fungicide retention.
- Stop injection equipment after treatment is completed. Continue to operate the system until Dithane F-45 Rainshield solution has cleared the last sprinkler head.

POME FRUITS
APPLES, CRABAPPLES, PEARS, QUINCE
Diseases: fabrea leaf spot, rusts, scab
Rate: 2.4 to 4.8 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Pre-Bloom/Bloom Use: Begin applications at 1/4 to 1/2 inch green tip and continue on a 7- to 10-day schedule through bloom. Extended Application Schedule for Use in Tank Mixtures with systemic fungicides: For implementation of IPM programs, applications based on tree-row volume, or for use as a resistance management tool. Apply after petal fall. 

Diseases: fire blight
Rate: 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Extended Application Schedule for Use in Tank Mixtures with systemic fungicides: For implementation of IPM programs, applications based on tree-row volume, or for use as a resistance management tool. Apply after petal fall. The addition of Dithane F-45 Rainshield to copper fungicides will suppress the disease incidence in orchards where fire blight (Erwinia amylovora) has become resistant to streptomycin. Use the full label rate of copper and follow the application instructions on the copper fungicide label.

FRUITS
BANANAS
Diseases: sigatoka
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Apply when leaves first appear and repeat every 14 to 21 days or as required. Use sufficient water to provide adequate coverage. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance.

CRANBERRIES
Diseases: fruit rot
Rate: 2.4 to 4.8 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Start applications at early bloom and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals as required.

PAPAYAS
Diseases: anthracnose, phytophthora fruit rot
Rate: 1.6 to 2 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Use 20 to 100 gallons water per acre. Start applications at flowering and continue at 14- to 21-day intervals. Direct spray to crown and blossom area. Use 6 to 8 ounces Latron B-1956 spreader-sticker per acre.

PLANTAIN
Diseases: sigatoka
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Apply when leaves first appear and repeat every 14 to 21 days or as required. Use sufficient water to provide adequate coverage. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance.

VEGETABLES
ASPARAGUS
Diseases: cercospora leaf spot, rust
Rate: 1.6 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Start applications when rust first appears and repeat at 10-day intervals.

CORN
Diseases: common rust, helminthosporium, leaf blight
Rate: 1.2 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Use sufficient water for thorough coverage. Start applications when disease first appears and repeat at 4- to 7-day intervals. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance

CUCUMBERS
Diseases: anthracnose, cercospora leaf spot, downy mildew, gummy stem blight, microdochium blight, scab
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4
Application Directions: Start applications when plants are in the two-leaf stage and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals. Use sufficient water and direct spray to provide thorough coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces.

FENNEL
Diseases: eaf blight, leaf spot
Rate: 1.6 (qt/acre)
Start applications when disease first appears and repeat applications every 7 to 10 days.

GOURDS, EDIBLE
Diseases: anthracnose, downy mildew, microdochium blight
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Start applications when plants are in the two-leaf stage and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals. Use sufficient water and direct spray to provide thorough coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces.

LETTUCE
Diseases: Downy mildew
Rate: 1.2-1.6 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Begin applications when disease appears and reapply on a 7- to 10-day treatment schedule.

MELONS
Diseases: alternaria leaf spot, anthracnose, downy mildew, gummy stem blight, microdochium blight
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Start applications when plants are in the two-leaf stage and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals. Use sufficient water and direct spray to provide thorough coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces. Some cantaloupe varieties (i.e.: Harvest Queen, Gold Star, Super Star, Sweet and Early, and Saticoy) are sensitive to Dithane F-45 Rainshield. Consult State Cooperative Extension Service Specialist prior to use.

ONIONS, GARLOC, SHALLOTS
Diseases: botrytis leaf blight, downy mildew, neck rot, purple blotch, rust, damping-off, seed rots, seedling blights, smut
Rate: 2.4 (qt/acre)
Application Directions: Follow a protective spray schedule starting when diseases are first reported in the area and repeat at 7-day intervals throughout the season. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance. Do not allow spray or drift to contact bulbs after lifting from soil.
Apply 2.4 qt per acre as a furrow drench at time of planting onion seeds. Use 75 to 125 gallons water per acre.

PEPPERS
Diseases: anthracnose, early blight, phomopsis blight or fruit rot
Rate: 1.2 - 1.6  (qt/acre) (west of the Mississippi River) 1.2 - 2.4 (qt/acre) (east of the Mississippi River)
Application Directions: Begin application when disease appears and reapply on a 7- to 10-day spray schedule

POTATOES
Diseases: early blight, late blight
Rate: 0.4 to 1.6
Application Directions: Begin applications when plants are 4 to 6 inches high by applying 0.4 to 0.8 qt/acre. As the vines increase in size, apply 1.2 to 1.6 qt/acre at 5- to 10-day intervals or 0.6 to 0.8 qt/acre at 3- to 5-day intervals. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance. It is recommended that this product be used within an Integrated Pest Management Program. Also, vine-kill should occur 14 days before harvest.

SQUASH, SUMMER
Diseases: anthracnose, downy mildew, microdochium blight
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4
Application Directions: Start applications when plants are in the two-leaf stage and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals. Use sufficient water and direct spray to provide thorough coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces.

TOMATOES
Diseases: anthracnose, early blight, gray leaf spot, late blight, leaf mold, septoria leaf spot, bacterial speck and spot
Rate: 1.2 to 1.6 West of the Mississippi River, 1.2 to 2.4 East of the Mississippi River
Application Directions: Start applications when seedlings emerge or transplants are set and repeat at 7-to 10-day intervals throughout the season. The addition of a Latron surfactant to spray solutions will improve performance.
Use a full rate of a fixed copper fungicide in tank mix combination with a half to full rate of Dithane F-45 Rainshield. Follow the application intervals required on the copper fungicide label.

WATERMELONS
Diseases: alternaria leaf spot, anthracnose, cercospora leaf spot, downy mildew, gummy stem blight, microdochium blight, scab
Rate: 1.6 to 2.4
Application Directions: Start applications when plants are in the two-leaf stage and repeat at 7- to 10-day intervals. Use sufficient water and direct spray to provide thorough coverage of both upper and lower leaf surfaces.

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