Dursban WGPlant Protection Product ComparisonPlant Protection Product ComparisonReport inaccuraciesReport inaccuracies

A water dispersible granule containing 75% w/w chlorpyrifos.
A broad-spectrum insecticide controlling many pests of AGRICULTURAL, HORTICULTURAL and FORESTRY crops.

RESISTANCE
Aphids: Strains of some aphid species are resistant to many aphicides. Where aphids resistant to products containing chlorpyrifos occur, DURSBAN* WG is unlikely to give satisfactory control. Repeat treatments of the same product are unlikely to improve efficacy.
Spider mites:
Strains of ‘spider mites’ resistant to one or more groups of acaricides are widespread. Where strains resistant to products containing chlorpyrifos occur, DURSBAN WG is unlikely to give satisfactory control.

MIXING INSTRUCTIONS
Half fill the sprayer tank with clean water and commence agitation. Add the appropriate amount of DURSBAN WG insecticide and add the remainder of the water. Agitate continuously during mixing and until application is complete.
Note:
DURSBAN WG is not compatible with zineb, boron or highly alkaline materials. Please ensure spraying equipment is thoroughly cleaned if using DURSBAN WG after either of these substances.

SPRAY QUALITY
Apply DURSBAN WG as a MEDIUM quality spray as defined by the BCPC system.

WHEAT, BARLEY AND OATS
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest /Rate kg/ha
Wheat blossom midge 0.6
Frit fly, leatherjackets, wheat bulb fly 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 200 to 1000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Wheat blossom midge: Only spray those fields where populations of wheat blossom midge above the threshold have been identified. For information on threshold levels for treatment, contact the Dow AgroSciences Hotline or your specialist adviser.
Spray between ear emergence and the start of flowering (Zadoks 51-59) to control developing larvae. Treatment should commence once the majority of ears have emerged. Ears not emerged at the time of treatment will not be protected. Water volume should be maintained to ensure good coverage and contact with the pest.
Applications beyond Zadoks 59, once the majority of ears have commenced flowering, are unnecessary.
Frit fly: Winter wheat crops following grass and late sown spring oats may be attacked. Larvae damage the shoots causing the centre leaf to become yellow and die resulting in plant death or very weak growth. Application to winter wheat can be made pre-crop emergence (but post-drilling), at crop emergence (early post-emergence), or at the first sign of damage. Later applications may be less effective.
DURSBAN WG can also be applied prior to desiccation and/or ploughing of the grass crop or grassy stubble which precedes winter wheat. Applications to dense, matted swards containing significant amounts of susceptible species (eg ryegrass) should be avoided. In these cases, post-drilling applications to winter wheat are recommended.
Application to spring oats should be made at the first sign of attack and not later than the 2 leaf stage of the crop.
Later applications may be less effective.
Leatherjackets: Roots and stems are attacked at or below ground level and plants die off rapidly. Damage usually occurs between March and May but earlier attacks can occur in some seasons. Spray as soon as damage is first seen.
Wheat bulb fly: Crops are attacked from mid-January to March. Centre leaves of damaged plants turn yellow and die. DURSBAN WG is a persistent soil insecticide and should be applied at egg hatch (normally from early January to the end of February). In the event of a prolonged egg hatch, a repeat application of DURSBAN WG may be required, particularly on organic soils. Later applications once an attack is established and deadhearts are visible, will be less effective; under these conditions an approved systemic insecticide such as an approved formulation of dimethoate should be used. Activity of DURSBAN WG may be reduced when soil temperatures remain below 5°C.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS AND LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
Two applications of DURSBAN WG at 1.0 kg/ha per crop may be applied up to flag leaf sheath extending stage (Zadoks 39) AND One application of DURSBAN WG at 0.6 kg/ha per crop before flowering (Zadoks 59).

NOTE
In common with many soil-applied pesticides the activity of DURSBAN WG may be reduced in organic soils.

FORAGE MAIZE
RATE OF USE AND PEST CONTROLLED
Pest /Rate kg/ha
Frit fly 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 200 to 1000 litres water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Spray at first crop emergence or when crop has not more than 2 leaves.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
21 days before harvest.

ROTATIONAL GRASS, PERMANENT GRASSLAND
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest /Rate kg/ha
Frit fly, leatherjackets 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 200 to 1000 litres water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Frit fly: The larvae destroy the central shoots of ryegrasses, fescues and bents. They may affect both establishment and development of a young ley after an arable crop or direct reseeding. Application should be made at emergence where damage is anticipated or at first sign of attack.
Leatherjackets: Roots and stems of old grassland and newly established swards are attacked at or below ground level and plants die off rapidly. Over-winter feeding results in damage becoming visible in the spring.
DURSBAN WG may be applied at any time from the beginning of November where high larval populations are detected or damage is first seen. Early treatment is recommended in order to prevent yield losses from over-winter feeding.
DURSBAN WG should not be applied during periods of frost, as leatherjacket activity is reduced under these conditions and treatment may not be as effective.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
One per year.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.

NOTE
Lactating cows should not be grazed on treated pastures within 14 days of application.

BRASSICA AND VEGETABLE CROPS
SPRAY APPLICATION
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest /Rate kg/ha

Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage - Aphids 0.6

Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage - Caterpillars (small), leatherjackets, whitefly (adults)  1.0
 
Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, bulb onions, seed potatoes - Cutworms 1.2

IMPORTANT - Do not spray seed potato crops under severe drought stress as damage may occur. The variety Desirée is particularly susceptible.

WATER VOLUME
Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage for aphid, caterpillar, leatherjacket control: Apply in 600 to 1000 litres of water per hectare plus an authorised non-ionic wetter/spreader.
Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, bulb onions, seed potatoes for cutworm control: Apply in 600 to 1000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Aphids: Spray when pests are first seen, usually early summer.
Caterpillars: Spray when damage is first seen, usually early summer.
Leatherjackets: Apply pre-sowing.
Whitefly: Where DURSBAN WG is used for aphid and caterpillar control it will give some control of whitefly.
Cutworm: Cutworm caterpillars live in the surface layers of the soil, feeding on plants just above or below ground level. Plants are either cut off at ground level or large holes are eaten into the roots, most damage occurring in June and July. Treat post-emergence when attack is forecast or when damage is first seen.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
Broccoli, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage, seed potatoes: Two per crop
Bulb onion: One per crop.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
21 days before harvest.

NOTE
In common with many soil-applied pesticides the activity of DURSBAN WG may be reduced on organic soils.

DRENCH TREATMENT
FIELD DRENCH TREATMENT
The following crops can be treated:
Leaf brassicas (broccoli, Brussels sprout, cabbage, calabrese, cauliflower, Chinese cabbage)

Pest Rate/100 litres
Cabbage root fly 60 g

VOLUME
Apply a drench of 70 millilitres to the base of each plant. A row treatment can be made by applying the dilute drench at 5 litres per 30 metres of row.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Treatment should be made within 4 days of transplanting or at seedling emergence for direct-sown crops after the third week of April.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
4 days after transplanting or at seedling emergence.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
One drench application per crop.

PEAT BLOCK/MODULE DRENCH TREATMENT:
Brussels sprout, cabbage, calabrese and cauliflower grown in peat blocks and modules can be treated prior to transplanting out.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Crops should be treated at the 3 to 4 leaf stage. Only good crops with good leaf condition that are growing vigorously should be treated.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
4 leaf stage.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
One prior to planting out.

APPLICATION METHOD, DOSE AND VOLUMES - PEAT BLOCKS
The leaves should be moistened with a light spray of water immediately before treatment.
DURSBAN WG should then be applied at 60 g per 5,000 blocks (43 X 43 X 43 mm) in as dilute a solution as possible. The drench volume should be determined by estimating the uptake of water by one block and then multiplying by 5,000 to calculate the volume for the 5,000 blocks to be treated. This volume should then be at least 25 litres per 5,000 blocks. Immediately after treatment, the spray should be washed off the leaves of the treated crop with water. The volume of water should be sufficient to clear the leaves of spray deposit but not so much that DURSBAN WG is leached from the block. Any such leaching will reduce pest control and may also lead to soil contamination (see 'Notes' below).

Application method, dose and volumes - modules
Application is a 3 stage process:
a) moisten the leaves of the plants to be treated immediately prior to treatment
b) apply the DURSBAN WG drench
c) wash off the DURSBAN WG drench from leaves of plants with water
It is important that the total volume of water used in these three stages does not exceed the water holding capacity of the modules, otherwise leaching of the DURSBAN WG will occur which may reduce cabbage root fly control and lead to contamination of underlying glasshouse soil (see ‘Notes’ below). The water volumes below are given as a guide for modules of 11 to 13 ml capacity (the minimum size and hence the minimum volume recommended). Larger volumes can be used with larger modules. Leaves of the plants should be wetted with a light spray of water immediately before treatment using 2 litres per 5,000 plants.
DURSBAN WG should then be applied at 30 g in 5 litres of water per 5,000 plants. Immediately after treatment the insecticide must be thoroughly washed off the leaves of the plant with clean water, using 5 litres of water per 5,000 plants.

NOTES: PEAT BLOCKS AND MODULES
DURSBAN WG MUST BE APPLIED ALONE. Tank mixing of DURSBAN WG for this use is liable to produce severe leaf scorch. DURSBAN WG should not be used to treat blocks or modules which will be planted out before the beginning of April. Breakdown of DURSBAN WG in soils inside glasshouses can be very slow. Residues, even from one application of DURSBAN WG at the high concentrations used, can damage susceptible crops (eg lettuce, celery, Chinese leaves, chrysanthemums etc) planted several months later. To avoid this do not apply DURSBAN WG in such a large volume of water that it passes through the compost. Also prevent the spray contaminating the pathways and covered areas surrounding the trays being treated. This can be done in a number of ways eg interceptor trays, polythene sheeting, use of correct water volumes etc. After use, remove plastic sheeting, wash down and dispose of safely.
When handling recently drenched trays of plants, PROTECTIVE RUBBER GLOVES AND COVERALLS MUST BE WORN.
Modules should generally be transplanted as soon as possible after treatment. However, DURSBAN WG can be leached out of the compost in the first 24 hours after application after which it becomes strongly bound (absorbed) onto the peat. If plants are to be despatched freshly watered, DURSBAN WG should be applied a few days beforehand to ensure that it is not leached from the module during the final watering.
Transplanting of treated blocks and modules to a depth which brings untreated soil into contact with plant stems above the top of the block or module will lead to reduced control.

Further treatments to control cabbage root fly larvae may be required in areas of high activity.
Overdosing can result in transient yellowing of leaves, especially where high rates of a composting or wetting agent have been used.

SUGAR BEET
RATE OF USE AND PEST CONTROLLED
Pest /Rate kg/ha
Leatherjackets, pygmy mangold beetle 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in a minimum of 200 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Leatherjackets:
Leatherjackets can often cause serious damage when sugar beet crops follow infested grass.
Where sugar beet is to follow grass, the recommended method of control with DURSBAN WG is to detect and treat the leatherjackets in the grassland prior to cultivation and drilling of the sugar beet crop (see ‘Pasture’ section). As a follow up treatment to this, or when prior treatment has not been possible, DURSBAN WG should be applied to the sugar beet crop if high pest levels are found or at the first sign of damage by leatherjackets. Application can be made from post-drilling. When prior treatment to the previous grass crop has not been possible, damage may be reduced rather than prevented.

Pygmy mangold beetle: Pygmy mangold beetle feed on newly establishing sugar beet crops. An application of DURSBAN WG at 1.0 kg/ha at the earliest recommended timing on sugar beet, will help reduce feeding damage caused by the larvae and adults. A minimum water volume of 200 litres/ha should be used.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
End of July in year of harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
One per crop.

NOTE
An interval of 4 days should elapse between applications of DURSBAN WG and any herbicide. DO NOT TREAT CROPS UNDER STRESS.

APPLES
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
PRE-BLOSSOM
Pest /Rate kg/ha
Aphids, apple blossom weevil, apple sucker, capsids, tortrix, winter moths 0.6
POST-BLOSSOM
Pest Rate/ kg/ha
Aphids, codling moth, common green capsid, late winter moths, red spider mite, sawfly, tortrix, woolly aphid 1.2

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 250 to 2000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
PRE-BLOSSOM
Apple blossom weevil: Bud burst.
Aphids (rosy leaf-curling etc), tortrix, winter moths: Bud burst to pink bud.
Capsids, apple sucker: Green cluster to pink bud.

A late green cluster to pink bud application will control all the above pests except common green capsid, rosy leaf-curling aphid and rosy apple aphid, which will require a further spray at petal fall or soon after. Where there is a known history of rosy leaf-curling aphid, spray pre-blossom and again at petal fall.

POST-BLOSSOM
Common green capsid, aphids (rosy leaf-curling etc), sawfly: Petal fall.
Later winter moths, codling moth: Mid to late June in most seasons. Repeat the application 14 days later and again if necessary.
Tortrix: This pest will be controlled by the codling moth sprays. Severe or late attacks in late July or early August will require a third application.
Aphids: Following pre-blossom treatment rosy leaf-curling aphid and rosy apple aphid will
require a further spray at petal fall or soon after to complete control. If no pre-blossom control measures have been taken it is advisable to use at least 1000 litres water per hectare to obtain penetration of curled leaf.
Red spider mite: Where DURSBAN WG is used at petal fall for capsid, late winter moth or sawfly control, or later where it is used for codling or tortrix moth control, it may not be necessary to use an acaricide treatment.
Woolly aphid: This pest will also be controlled by the codling and tortrix spray applications.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.
MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPPLICATIONS
A maximum number of one pre-blossom application and three post-blossoms applications per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to apples.
NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

PEARS
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
PRE-BLOSSOM
Pest Rate /kg/ha
Aphids, capsids, tortrix, winter moths 0.6
POST-BLOSSOM
Pest Rate /kg/ha
Aphids, capsids, caterpillars. codling moth, pear sucker, red spider mite 1.2

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 250 to 2000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
PRE-BLOSSOM
Aphids, capsids, tortrix, winter moths: These pests will be controlled when spraying between bud burst and white bud.

POST-BLOSSOM
Capsids, caterpillars, sucker: Spray when pests are seen.
Codling moth: Mid to late June in most seasons. Repeat the application 14 days later and again if necessary.
Aphids: Post-blossom sprays will control aphids including leaf-curling species.
Red spider mite: This pest when it occurs on pears may also be controlled by post-blossom applications.
Pear sucker: Good coverage is essential and it is advisable to spray high volume and thoroughly soak the trees.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of two applications per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to pears.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

PLUMS
RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
PRE-BLOSSOM
Pest Rate /kg/ha
Aphids, tortrix, winter moths 0.6
POST-BLOSSOM
Pest Rate /kg/ha
Damson hop aphid, mealy plum aphid, red spider mite, winter moths 1.2

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 250 to 2000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
PRE-BLOSSOM
Winter moths, tortrix, aphids: Bud burst to white bud

POST-BLOSSOM
Aphids: Spray in May or June when aphids are first seen and repeat as necessary for further aphid migrations into orchards.
Winter moths: Spray at cot split (7 to 10 days after petal fall).
Red spider mite: Where DURSBAN WG is used at cot split to control late winter moths it may not be necessary to use an acaricide treatment.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of three applications per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to plums.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

STRAWBERRIES
SPRAY APPLICATION
RATES OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pests Rate kg/ha
Aphids, tortrix 0.6
Red spider mite, strawberry blossom weevil 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in 1000 litres of water per hectare.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Aphids: Fruiting beds Spray just before flowering and before the aphids build up (usually in mid to late April for outdoor crops). For early attacks it may be necessary to apply in late March.
Protected crops: Spray in March.
Runner beds/maiden beds: Spray in mid-May.
Tortrix: Spray in April, when pest appears. This pest can cause serious damage in some seasons.
Red spider mite: Application of DURSBAN WG at the time for aphids will also control non-organophosphorus resistant red spider mite. In some seasons a spray in early April may prove necessary. Spray protected crops in early March to early April.
Strawberry blossom weevil: Where infestations are not severe, application should be made after the first sign of damage up until just before the crop flowering stage.

Where infestations are severe, two applications should be made; the first at the first sign of weevil damage and the second just before the crop flowering stage.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
7 days before harvest

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of two foliar applications per crop of DURSBAN WG at 1.0 kg/ha may be made in strawberries for use against blossom weevil or red spider mite.
A maximum number of one foliar application per crop of DURSBAN WG at 0.6 kg/ha may be made in strawberries for use against aphids and tortrix.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

DRENCH TREATMENT
RATE OF USE AND PEST CONTROLLED
Pest Rate kg/1000 litres
Vine weevil 1.2

VOLUME
Apply as a drench using 285 to 570 millilitres of spray solution per plant depending on size and species treated.
The maximum concentration must not exceed 1.25 kg of product per 1000 litres of water.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Weevils damage the main feeding roots and may excavate the base of the crown. Drench strawberry crowns and surrounding collar of soil after cropping and preferably after mowing.
DURSBAN WG is also recommended for the control of vine weevil larvae in the later cropping varieties of strawberry, eg Ostara, Rapella and Pegasus, and also in the late crop of a double cropping variety such as Red Gauntlet. Application must be made as above, after the top growth has been mown off following cropping, but no later than November.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of one drench application per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to strawberries.

NOTE
In view of the large number of new strawberry varieties and cropping systems being adopted, test DURSBAN WG at the recommended dose rate for crop safety on a small number of plants before making an overall application.
Do not apply DURSBAN WG for the control of vine weevil larvae to strawberries grown under plastic tunnels or in cloches.
DURSBAN WG can only be applied as a drench treatment to strawberries at the end of the cropping season but before the end of November.
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

RASPBERRIES
RATES OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest Rate kg/ha
Aphids, raspberry beetle, raspberry cane midge 0.6
Red spider mite 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in a minimum of 1000 litres of water per hectare for control of raspberry beetle; 500 litres of water per hectare for other pests.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Raspberry beetle: Spray at first pink fruit stage.
Aphids: Spray pre-blossom as required.
Red spider mite: Attacks at first pink fruit will be controlled by sprays applied for raspberry
beetle control or spray later as required.
Raspberry cane midge:
Southern England: Early/mid-May.
Scotland: Late May/early June
Spray one week later in both areas after a cold spring. Delay first application until small longitudinal splits are found on the young spawn or on ADAS advice. Repeat 10 to 14 days later just before but not during flowering. Direct spray into bottom 600 millimetres of young canes, ie below bottom wire.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
7 days before harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS/MAXIMUM TOTAL DOSE
A maximum number of three applications per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to raspberries, but a maximum total dose of 1.8 kg/product/ha must not be exceeded.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

CURRANTS
The following crops can be treated: Blackcurrants, redcurrants, whitecurrants

RATE OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest Rate kg/ha
Aphids, capsids, caterpillars 0.6
Red spider mite 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in a minimum of 2000 litres of water per hectare for control of red spider mite;
1000 litres of water per hectare for other pests.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Aphids: Spray as and when attack occurs.
Capsids, caterpillars: Spray before first open flower and again at the end of flowering.
Red spider mite: Spray at fruit set and repeat if necessary. Repeat after picking to avoid spider mite hibernating for next season.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of three applications per crop of DURSBAN WG may be made to currants.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.

GOOSEBERRIES
RATES OF USE AND PESTS CONTROLLED
Pest Rate kg/ha
Aphids, capsids, caterpillars 0.6
Red spider mite 1.0

WATER VOLUME
Apply in a minimum of 2000 litres of water per hectare for control of red spider mite; 1000 litres of water per hectare for other pests.

TIME OF APPLICATION
Aphids: Spray as and when attack occurs.
Capsids: Spray before first open flower.
Caterpillars: Spray as soon as the pests are seen, usually soon after fruit set. It is important to force the wash into the centre of large bushes.
Red spider mite: Spray as soon as mites are seen on the foliage, usually late April to early May.

LATEST TIME OF APPLICATION
14 days before harvest.

MAXIMUM NUMBER OF APPLICATIONS
A maximum number of one application per year of DURSBAN WG may be made to gooseberries.

NOTE
Fruit crops must not be treated during flowering.