2,4- D Ester 700

DIRECTIONS FOR USE:
DO NOT apply this product directly to freshwater habitats such as lakes, rivers, sloughs, ponds, prairie potholes, creeks, marshes, streams, reservoirs and wetlands, estuaries or marine habitats. DO NOT contaminate irrigation/drinking water supplies or aquatic habitats by cleaning of equipment or disposal of wastes.

RESISTANCE-MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS:
For resistance management, Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide is a Group 4 herbicide. Any weed population may contain or develop plants naturally resistant to Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide and other Group 4 herbicides. The resistant biotypes may dominate the weed population if these herbicides are used repeatedly in the same field. Other resistance mechanisms that are not linked to site of action, but specific for individual chemicals, such as enhanced metabolism, may also exist. Appropriate resistancemanagement strategies should be followed.
To delay herbicide resistance:
Where possible, rotate the use of Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide or other Group 4 herbicides within a growing season (sequence) or among growing seasons with different herbicide groups that control the same weeds in a field. 
Use tank mixtures with herbicides from a different group when such use is permitted. To delay resistance, the less resistance-prone partner should control the target weed(s) as effectively as the more resistance-prone partner. 
Herbicide use should be based on an integrated weed management program that includes scouting, historical information related to herbicide use and crop rotation, and considers tillage (or other mechanical control methods), cultural (for example, higher crop seeding rates; precision fertilizer application method and timing to favour the crop and not the weeds), biological (weed-competitive crops or varieties) and other management practices. 
Monitor weed populations after herbicide application for signs of resistance development (for example, only one weed species on the herbicide label not controlled). If resistance is suspected, prevent weed seed production in the affected area if possible by an alternative herbicide from a different group. Prevent movement of resistant weed seeds to other fields by cleaning harvesting and tillage equipment when moving between fields, and planting clean seed. 
Have suspected resistant weed seeds tested by a qualified laboratory to confirm resistance and identify alternative herbicide options. 
Contact your local extension specialist or certified crop advisors for any additional pesticide resistance-management and/or integrated weed-management recommendations for specific crops and weed biotypes. 
For further information or to report suspected resistance, contact Nufarm Agriculture Inc. at 1-800-868-5444 or at www.nufarm.ca.

GENERAL USE PRECAUTIONS:
Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide may cause damage to susceptible crop, ornamental, and other plants, even in minute quantities. Avoid spray drift to any desirable vegetation. Coarse sprays are less likely to drift. Do not spray during periods of high winds. Do not permit lactating dairy animals to graze fields within 7 days after application. Do not graze or cut treated crops for forage until 30 days after application. Withdraw meat animals from treated fields at least 3 days before slaughter.

MIXING:
Shake well before using. To ensure even mixing, half fill the sprayer tank with clean water, add the required amount of Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide and agitate thoroughly. Add the remainder of the water and agitate before spraying. If the spray solution has been left standing, agitate thoroughly before use. Wash sprayer thoroughly after use. For containers larger than 20L: Use a transfer system that avoids open pouring when transferring the liquid concentrate from such containers into the spray tank.

EQUIPMENT AND SPRAY VOLUME:

Field Sprayer Application:
DO NOT apply during periods of dead calm. Avoid application of this product when winds are gusty. DO NOT apply with spray droplets smaller than the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) coarse classification.Boom height must be 60 cm or less above the crop or ground. Apply in 50 to 200 litres of water per hectare by ground equipment unless otherwise indicated. Higher water volumes will reduce the risk of crop injury.

Aerial Application:
DO NOT apply during periods of dead calm. Avoid application of this product when winds are gusty. DO NOT apply when wind speed is greater than 16 km/h at flying height at the site of application. DO NOT apply with spray droplets smaller than the American Society of Agricultural Engineers (ASAE) coarse classification. To reduce drift caused by turbulent wingtip vortices, the nozzle distribution along the spray boom length MUST NOT exceed 65% of the wing- or rotorspan. Apply in a minimum of 30 litres of water per hectare by aerial equipment.

Knapsack, Spot Treatment Applications:
Mix 200 mL of product in 10 L water. Spray to wet all foliage thoroughly.

TANK MIXES:
Nufarm 2,4-D Ester 700 Liquid Herbicide may be recommended in tank mix with other products. Consult the label of the tank mix partner product, and follow the most stringent set of precautions, restrictions and directions for use. In some cases, tank mixing a pest control product with another pest control product or a fertilizer can result in biological effects that could include, but are not limited to: reduced pest efficacy or increased host crop injury. The user should contact Nufarm Agriculture Inc. at 1-800-868-5444 for information before mixing any pesticide or fertilizer that is not specifically recommended on this label. The user assumes the risk of losses that result from the use of tank mixes that do not appear on this label or that are not specifically recommended by Nufarm Agriculture Inc.

CROPS, TIMING, RATES AND METHODS OF APPLICATION:
Use the dose required to control the weeds present. To minimize the risk of crop injury, do not exceed the recommended rate listed for the crop. Higher rates may be required to control certain weed species. Rates above those recommended for a crop may result in significant crop injury, and should only be used when the risk of crop injury will be offset by the benefits of enhanced weed control. Apply in warm weather when the crop and weeds are growing well, and the weeds are at a susceptible stage. Avoid application during drought conditions or during exceptionally hot weather.

WEEDS CONTROLLED:

Susceptible Weeds:
Annual sow-thistle, Bluebur (before the 4-leaf stage), Burdock (before the 4-leaf stage), Cocklebur, Daisy fleabane, False flax, False ragweed, Flixweed, Giant ragweed, Goat’sbeard, Kochia, Lamb’s-quarters, Mustards (except Dog and Tansy), Narrow-leaved hawk’sbeard (in fall, and at the 1- to 2-leaf stage in spring), Plantain, Prickly lettuce, Ragweeds, Redroot pigweed, Russian pigweed, Russian-thistle, Shepherd’s-purse, Stinging nettle, Stinkweed, Sweet Clover (seedling), Thyme-leaved spurge, Volunteer canola, Wild radish, Wild (prairie) sunflower

Rates to Control Susceptible Weeds:
Small seedlings (2- to 4-leaf), growing rapidly, good growing conditions: 0.5 to 0.8 L/ha. Large weeds, dry or cold weather, heavy infestations: 0.8 L/ha. Resistance increases with age.

Harder-To-Control Weeds:
Curled dock (apply before 4-leaf stage), Dog mustard, Field pepper-grass, Flixweed (if treated before bolting in spring), Groundsel, Hairy galinsoga, Hawkweed, Heal-all, Knotweed (apply before the 4-leaf stage), Narrow-leaved hawk’s-beard (if treated before bolting in spring), Oak-leaved goosefoot, Pineappleweed, Prostrate pigweed, Purslane, Sheep sorrel, Tansy mustard, Tumble pigweed, Velvetleaf.

Rates for Harder-To-Control Weeds:
Small seedlings (2- to 4-leaf), growing rapidly, good growing conditions: 0.9 to 1.3 L/ha. Large weeds, dry or cold weather, heavy infestations: 1.3 L/ha. Resistance increases with age.

Very-Hard-to-Control Weeds – Only Top Growth Control Can Be Expected:
Biennial wormwood, Blue lettuce, Bull thistle, Burdock, Buttercup, Canada thistle, Chicory, Curled dock, Dandelion, Field bindweed, Field chickweed (1), Field horsetail (1), Gumweed, Hedge bindweed, Hemp-nettle (1) (if treated before the 4-leaf stage), Hoary cress, Lady’sthumb (1), Leafy spurge, Mouse-eared chickweed (1), Perennial sow-thistle, Russian knapweed, Scentless mayweed, Smartweed (1), Tartary buckwheat, Teasel, Volunteer sunflower, Wild buckwheat (1), Yellow rocket (controlled with applications before 4-leaf stage).
(1) Use highest listed rate for suppression.

Rates for Top Growth Control of Very-Hard-To-Control Weeds:
Small seedlings (2- to 4-leaf), growing rapidly, good growing conditions: 1.1 to 1.3 L/ha. Large weeds, dry or cold weather, heavy infestations: 1.3 L/ha. Resistance increases with age.

Generic Aerial Application Label Instructions

Directions for Use
Apply only by fixed-wing or rotary aircraft equipment which has been functionally and operationally calibrated for the atmospheric conditions of the area and the application rates and conditions of this label. Label rates, conditions and precautions are product specific. Read and understand the entire label before opening this product. Apply only at the rate recommended for aerial application on this label. Where no rate for aerial application appears for the specific use, this product cannot be applied by any type of aerial equipment. Ensure uniform application. To avoid streaked, uneven or overlapped application, use appropriate marking devices. No human flaggers are permitted.

Use Precautions
Apply only when meteorological conditions at the treatment site allow for complete and even crop coverage. Apply only under conditions of good practice specific to aerial application as outlined in the National Aerial Pesticide Application Manual, developed by the Federal/ Provincial/Territorial Committee on Pest Management and Pesticides. Do not apply to any body of water. Avoid drifting of spray onto any body of water or other non-target areas. Specified buffer zones should be observed. Coarse sprays are less likely to drift, therefore, avoid combinations of pressure and nozzle type that will result in fine particles (mist). Do not apply during periods of dead calm or when wind velocity and direction pose a risk of spray drift. Do not spray when the wind is blowing towards a nearby sensitive crop, garden, terrestrial habitat (such as shelter-belt) or aquatic habitat.

Operator Precautions
Do not allow the pilot to mix chemicals to be loaded onto the aircraft. Loading of premixed chemicals with a closed system is permitted. It is desirable that the pilot have communication capabilities at each treatment site at the time of application. The field crew and the mixer/loaders must wear coveralls over a long-sleeved shirt, long pants, chemical resistant gloves and goggles or face shield during mixing/loading, cleanup and repair. Follow the more stringent label precautions in cases where the operator precautions exceed the generic label recommendations on the existing ground boom label. All personnel on the job site must wash hands and face thoroughly before eating and drinking. Protective clothing, aircraft cockpit and vehicle cabs must be decontaminated regularly.

Product Specific Precautions
Read and understand the entire label before opening this product. If you have questions, call the manufacturer or obtain technical advice from the distributor or your provincial agricultural representative. For application to rights-of-way, buffer zones for protection of sensitive terrestrial habitats are not required; however, the best available application strategies that minimize off-site drift, including meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction, low wind speed) and spray equipment (e.g. coarse droplet sizes, minimizing height above canopy), should be used. Applicators must, however, observe the specified buffer zones for protection of sensitive aquatic habitats.

Buffer Zones:
Use of the following spray methods or equipment DO NOT require a buffer zone: mechanically pressurized handgun or backpack sprayer and spot treatment. For the use of the herbicide in site preparation and conifer release in forestry, terrestrial buffer zones are not required. The buffer zones specified in the tables below are required between the point of direct application and the closest downwind edge of sensitive terrestrial habitats (such as grasslands, forested areas, shelter belts, woodlots, hedgerows, riparian areas and shrublands), sensitive freshwater habitats (such as lakes, rivers, sloughs, ponds, prairie potholes, creeks, marshes, streams, reservoirs and wetlands), and estuarine/ marine habitats. Seasonal water bodies require buffer zones if there is water in them during application. Water bodies which do not fill on an annual basis need not be buffered.